A. VERY SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS:
1. The garbage collection bins of blue and green colour are places in public places. What types of garbage should be disposed off in (a) blue bins (b) green bins?
Ans. (a) Recyclable (b) Biodegradable
2. City garbage is usually dumped in low-lying areas outside the city. What are such low-lying places called?
Ans. Landfill
3. What are the substances which cannot be broken down to nontoxic, harmless substances by bacterial action called?
Ans. Nonbiodegradable
4. What does the office waste contain?
Ans. Paper, used pens etc.
5. Which of the following is biodegradable?
Broken glass, Saw dust, Plastic Flower, Paints
Ans. Saw dust
B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS:
1. What might happen if the garbage is not removed from our homes/ surroundings?
Ans. If the garbage is not removed from our homes/surroundings, it will be dirty everywhere. It will rot and give off foul smell. Flies and mosquitoes will start breeding. Certain diseases might spread.
2. Why has the recycling of nonbiodegradable substances become essential?
Ans. The recycling of nonbiodegradable substances become essential because it helps reduce pollution in the environment. It saves the raw materials from being scarce, the recycled waste can be used to produce new products.
3. How is garbage segregated by using blue and green bins?
Ans.
1. Materials that can be recycled (nonbiodegradable) are collected in Blue bins.
2. The kitchen, plant and animal waste are collected in Green bins.
4. How can we reuse and recycle paper?
Ans. (Leave this answer. Same question is given in long question, Question no.4)
5. List five substances which can be recycled?
Ans. Paper, glass, plastic, iron and aluminium
C. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:
1. Name the various components of the garbage. Name a few useful and non-useful materials commonly seen in the garbage.
Ans. Various components of the garbage are municipal waste, domestic waste, industrial waste, biomedical waste etc.
Useful Materials of the garbage: Certain plastics, broken glass pieces, waste paper/clothes, things made from iron, aluminium etc. These materials can be recycled.
Non-useful Materials: Kitchen waste, animal dung etc. are the non-useful materials of the garbage. These materials can be converted into compost.
2. Is it possible to reduce the problems related to the disposal of garbage? If yes, how?
Ans. Yes, it is possible to reduce the problems related to the disposal of garbage by following the measures given below:
· Reduce the production of waste.
· Reuse the used materials for various other purposes.
· Use the different bins (blue bins and green bins) to segregate the garbage at point of generation.
· Biodegradable materials should be converted into manures and nonbiodegradable materials should be recycled.
· Avoid using plastic bags.
3. Which kind of garbage can be converted into compost? Describe vermicomposting.
Ans. Biodegradable kind of garbage such as animal, plant and kitchen waste can be converted into compost.
Vermicomposting: The method of preparing compost with the help of redworms is called vermicomposting.
4. Describe briefly the method of recycling of waste paper.
Ans. 1. Paper is collected from different garbage bins and is accumulated in a large garbage container.
2.Then the paper is taken to the recycling plant where the paper is segregated into different grades.
3.Papers in different grades are then washed with soap and water to remove ink, staples, and glue. It is then mixed with water to create a slurry.
4.On adding some specific materials and chemicals to the slurry, different paper products such as cardboard, office paper, etc. can be obtained.
5.The slurry is then rolled into thin sheets using large rollers.
6.Then the paper is exposed to heat for drying up and after that, it is cut into pieces and is made ready to use again.
5. Suggest a few ways to minimise the harmful effects of plastics.
Ans. 1. Use plastic bags to minimum. If possible, reuse the plastic bags.
2. Ask the shopkeeper to use paper bags.
3. Carry a cloth or a jute bag while going out to the market for shopping.
4. Do not store eatables in plastic bags.
5. Do not throw plastic bags here and there. Empty plastic bags choke the drainage system.
6. Never burn plastic waste. Burning plastic give off toxic gas.
D. TICK THE ODD-ONE OUT GIVING REASON
1. Plastic, Glass, Paper, paints
Ans. Paints because it is nonrecyclable materials and rest others are recyclable materials.
2. Kitchen waste, Animal dung, Iron scrape, Paper waste
Ans. Iron scrape because it is recyclable material and rest others are nonrecyclable materials.
3. Synthetic cloth, Waste cotton cloth, Waste polythene bag, D.D.T.
Ans. Waste cotton cloth because it is biodegradable and rest others are nonbiodegradable.
4. Old newspapers, Paper bags, Old books, Plastic toys
Ans. Plastic toys because it is nonbiodegradable and rest others are biodegradable.
5. Kitchen waste, Fruit peels, Blue bins, Decaying fruits
Ans. Blue bins because rest others are collected in green bins.
E. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS
1. Biodegradable and nonbiodegradable: The materials /substance which can be broken down to nontoxic, harmless substances by bacterial action within a short period of time are called biodegradable materials. Example- Cow dung, kitchen waste, paper, cotton clothes etc.
The materials which cannot be broken down to nontoxic, harmless substances by bacterial action even after long time are called nonbiodegradable materials. Example- plastics, DDT, paints etc.
2. Landfills: The low-lying area where city garbage is dumped is called landfills.
3. Vermicompost: The method of preparing compost with the help of redworms is called vermicomposting.
HOTS. (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS)
1. Should we call kabadiwala, a friend of environment?
Ans. Yes, because Kabadiwala collects all the wastes from the houses and recycles it. This helps us to reduce the waste. It makes our environment cleaner and greener. He is the one who helps us maintain the 3 Rs in our life. RECYCLE, REUSE & REDUCE.
2. The rock garden at Chandigarh has been created from the discarded things. How has this saved our environment?
Ans. The Rock Garden of Chandigarh has been created from the discarded things. This process is known as the recycle or upcycle process, where we reuse or differently use different waste materials to save our necessary resources. As we all know that our natural resources are not unlimited, that's why these recycling or upcycling processes are definitely helpful for our environment.
3. Why nonbiodegradable waste is more hazardous to mankind?
Ans. Non-biodegradable waste is hazardous to mankind because it takes 1000 or more years to get decomposed. It doesn't get mixed with soil and doesn't decompose by microorganisms too. It causes land pollution and dumping them into water causes water pollution as it remains above the soil and doesn't decompose in water. Burning them causes air pollution.
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